Taekwondo Korean Terminology

 🥋 Taekwondo Korean Basics (Simplified Terminology)

In Taekwondo, many Korean terms are used for training, stances, techniques, and commands. These words are common in most schools under World Taekwondo (WT) and India Taekwondo (IT).
Learning these terms is important for belt tests and also helps students develop discipline and respect. Senior belts are expected to guide junior belts by showing the correct use of commands and terminology.

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1. Basic Training Terms

• Training Uniform – Dobok

• Belt – Dhee / Ti

• Black Belt Degree (Dan Rank) – Dan

• Color Belt Grade (Student Rank) – Geup

• School / Training Hall – Dojang

• Forms / Patterns – Poomsae

• Sparring – Kyorugi

• Knife Hand – Sonnal

• Blocking – Makgi

• Kicking – Chagi

• Stance – Sogi

• Punch – Jireugi

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2. Directions in Taekwondo

• Front – Ap

• Side – Yeop

• Back – Dwi

• Turning – Dollyeo

• Inward – An

• Outward – Bakkat

• Low Section – Arae

• Middle Section – Momtong

• High / Upper Section – Olgul

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3. Common Commands

• Attention – Charyeot

• Bow – Kyong-nye

• Return – Baro

• Relax / At Ease – Shi-eo

• Rest / Break – Hyu-shik

• Yell / Shout (Kiai) – Kihap

• Ready – Junbi

• Fighting Stance Ready – Kyorugi Junbi

• Begin / Start – Shijak

• Continue – Gyesok

• Stop / Finish – Keuman

• Dismiss – Hae-san

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4. Numbers (1–20)

1. Hana

2. Dul

3. Set

4. Net

5. Daseot

6. Yeoseot

7. Ilgop

8. Yeodeol

9. Ahop

10. Yeol

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5. Stances (Sogi)

• Attention Stance – Charyeot Sogi

• Ready Stance – Junbi Sogi

• Front Stance – Ap Kubi

• Horse Riding Stance – Juchum Sogi

• Fighting Stance – Kyorugi Junbi

• Walking Stance – Ap Sogi

• Parallel Stance – Narani Sogi

• Back Stance – Dwi Kubi

• Side Stance – Yeop Sogi

• L Stance (Left / Right) – Wen Sogi / Oreun Sogi

• Cross Stance – Koa Sogi

• Tiger / Cat Stance – Beom Sogi

• Crane Stance – Hakdari Sogi

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6. Kicks (Chagi) – Common

• Front Kick – Ap Chagi

• Side Kick – Yeop Chagi

• Roundhouse Kick – Dollyeo Chagi

• Axe Kick – Naeryeo Chagi

• Back Kick – Dwi Chagi

• Hook Kick – Huryeo Chagi

• Spin Hook Kick – Dwi Huryeo Chagi

• Crescent Kick (Inward / Outward) – An Chagi / Bakkat Chagi

• Jump Kick – Ttwieo Chagi

• Flying Kick – Dubal Chagi

• Whirl Kick – Dolgae Chagi (360º, 540º, 720º variations)

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7. Punches (Jireugi)

• Middle Punch – Momtong Jireugi

• Low Punch – Arae Jireugi

• High Punch – Olgul Jireugi

• Double Punch – Doo Jireugi

• Turning Punch – Dollyeo Jireugi

• Vertical Punch – Sewo Jireugi

• Side Punch – Yeop Jireugi

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8. Strikes (Chigi)

• Knife Hand Strike – Sonnal Chigi

• Back Fist Strike – Deung Jumeok Chigi

• Hammer Fist Strike – Me Jumeok Chigi

• Elbow Strike – Palgup Chigi

• Palm Heel Strike – Batangson Chigi

• Ridge Hand Strike – Sonnal Deung Chigi

• Spearhand Thrust – Sonkkeut Jjireugi

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9. Blocks (Makgi)

• Low Block – Arae Makgi

• Middle Block – Momtong Makgi

• High Block – Olgul Makgi

• Knife Hand Block – Sonnal Makgi

• Double Knife Hand Block – Sonnal Hecho Makgi

• Cross Block – Otgoreo Makgi

• Scissors Block – Kawi Makgi

• Pressing Block – Nulleo Makgi

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10. Rank System (WT & India Taekwondo)

Instructor Ranks

• Grandmaster (Kwanjang-nim) – 7th Dan and above

• Master Instructor (Sabom-nim) – 5th–6th Dan

• Instructor (Sabom) – 3rd–4th Dan

• Assistant Instructor (Jogyo) – 1st–2nd Dan

Student Ranks (Geup – Color Belts)

• 1st Geup – Red Belt with Black Stripe (Advanced)

• 2nd Geup – Red Belt (Advanced)

• 3rd Geup – Blue Belt with Red Stripe (Advanced)

• 4th Geup – Blue Belt (Intermediate)

• 5th Geup – Green Belt with Blue Stripe (Intermediate)

• 6th Geup – Green Belt (Intermediate)

• 7th Geup – Yellow Belt with Green Stripe (Beginner)

• 8th Geup – Yellow Belt (Beginner)

• 9th Geup – White Belt with Yellow Stripe (Beginner)

• 10th Geup – White Belt (Beginner)